“New JCF must take the high road” The Gleaner 3 November. 2009 15 November.2009 http://mobile.jamaicagleaner.com/20091103/cleisure/cleisure1.php
Walker, Karyl. “Cop who allegedly killed child still on the run” Jamaica Observer 20 March. 2008 15 November.2009 < http://www.jamaicaobserver.com/news/133708_Cop-who-allegedly-killed-child-still-on-the-run>
“JCF Working to Change the Face of Policing-Commissioner Lewin” Jamaica Information Service 30 September.2009 15 November.2009 < http://www.jis.gov.jm/security/html/20090930t170000-0500_21327_jis_jcf_working_to_change_the_face_of_policing___commissioner_lewin.asp>
Jamaica: “let them kill each other”: Public security in Jamaica’s inner cities Amnesty International 1 April. 2008. 1 November. 2009 < http://www.amnesty.org/en/jamaica-report-2008>
Patterson, Orlando. "The roots of conflict in Jamaica. (Column)." The New York Times. (July 23, 2001). Opposing Viewpoints Resource Center. Gale. CUNY - Queens College. 21 Dec. 2009 .
The Jamaica Constabulary Force 16 November .2009 < http://www.jcf.gov.jm/>
The Ministry of National Security Jamaica 16 November.2009 < //www.mns.org.jm/AboutUs/Achievements/tabid/96/Default.aspx>
Wednesday, December 16, 2009
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Sunday, November 29, 2009
There needs to be an immediate reorganization of the Jamaica Constabulary Force (JCF) which is the main body responsible for policing in Jamaica. Jamaica is a small Caribbean island of just over 2.5 million people and it’s known to have one of the worst murder rates in the world which is primarily as a result of gang activity and the JCF is not making any progress to put an end to this heart wrenching problem. Unlawful killings and corruption by police officers in Jamaica are two other major problems that the JCF fails to tackle. Many Jamaicans have been victims of unlawful deaths which were ordered by, or carried out in the presence of, high ranking police officers. Corruption results in the failure of the Government to protect people in inner city communities from gangs and police violence. Heads of the JCF need to go back to the drawing board and lay out new policies and programs so as to ensure for effective policing to wipe out criminal gangs, corruption within the police force and unlawful killings in Jamaica.
Most organized gangs in Jamaica are located in the inner city neighborhoods, where people are generally poverty stricken and unemployed. These neighborhoods are generally abandoned by police forces and the society at large and as such gang leaders tend to control the lives of people living there. They collect taxes, distribute jobs, food and punish those who disobey or break gang rules. Men and young boys are at the greatest risk of violence as they are the ones who are mostly targeted by gang members for recruitment in criminal gangs. These men and young boys also have to follow orders which involve carrying out special tasks which they cannot refuse to do as they fear what might be done to themselves and their families. There was a situation where one woman told Amnesty International that her neighbor’s 12-year-old son was sent by a gang to deliver a gun to another community. The boy was robbed on his way and he knew he was going to be killed if he went back empty handed so he ran away. His mother was killed the following morning. Many women in these communities are also affected by gangs .They have to involuntarily engage in sexual activities with members of the gangs, if they don’t they risk themselves and members of their family dying. Most women in these inner city communities are also single parents as the father of their child was victim of gang violence.
“Informer fi dead”, this is a phrase use in Jamaica which states that anyone who inform on another should die. Residents who witness gang killings in their communities are afraid to go to the cops because they know that there’s a great chance that they are going to be killed. This shows how greatly affected and feared people are of criminal gangs.
In 2006 the JCF recorded a 15% overall reduction in major crimes. However although this is a great reduction in crime in just one year one has to question the validity of the source. This statistics was presented by the JCF itself and who to tell that it wasn’t blown out of proportion or just a mere scam just to get on the good side of the Jamaican people knowing it’s bad track records. This may proved to be not so much of an achievement by the JCF after all.
Most Jamaicans, including myself, believes that the majority of police officers are corrupt. Many residents of inner city communities believe that on numerous occasions police officers were directly involve in criminal activities. There were numerous cases where people would relay information to the police and they were killed before the police even reach the community. Many believed that corrupt officers told the gang leaders who the informers were .The actions of corrupt cops who leak information to criminals add to the resistance of many to provide helpful information to the security forces because by revealing information people’s lives are put at risk and as such it has become very difficult to break the vicious cycle of crime and police involvement .In the 2006 Road Map to a Safe and Secure Jamaica which is a report of the Special task Force on Crime in Jamaica reported that JCF personnel of different ranks expressed the view that majority of their senior officers were corrupt or tolerated corruption within the force. Some of the other corrupt practices of police officers include selling gun licenses and ammunition, dropping charges for serious offences and removing or tampering with evidence.
It was reported by the Jamaican Gleaner newspaper that in the beginning of 2006, police personnel were involve in unlawful activities such as the infamous 'lottery scam', which has been blamed for an increase in recent murders across Jamaica, drug dealing and a most embarrassing incident in which a police vest, which was not reported missing, was found in the hands of a criminal. The Jamaica Gleaner once wrote about a cop who confessed that he was corrupted for the first 18 years of his 20 years in the force."My introduction to corruption came about two weeks after graduating from the Police Academy," admits the police officer. "A woman constable and I were detailed for a 12 to six mobile patrol duty along with an acting corporal, who is now a superintendent of police," the 20-year veteran confesses to The Sunday Gleaner. He continued: "The acting corporal drove a nice car, was outspoken and very popular. He had about nine years service and boasted of many accomplishments. He made it clear that nothing was wrong with making money, but we simply had to know how to do it."This is very saddening because the one institution which was established to provide security and protection to citizens is very untrustworthy and unreliable.
The stated values of the JCF is, “We serve, protect and reassure with courtesy, integrity and proper respect for the rights of all”, but this is both a misrepresentation of the overall operations of the JCF and the way in which the public view the police. The JCF tends to operate by command and control. It promotes prejudice which involves police officers distancing themselves from particular communities which creates a fear among the general public. This has also lead to the failure of the police to protect people in gang violence prone communities. People who live in these areas are usually discriminated against. There is a particular stigma that is associated with communities where gang violence is rampant. Police tend to treat everyone in the community as criminal and police abuse and violence tends to be very common.
Unlawful killings otherwise known as extrajudicial executions within the police force are very typical. The Bureau of Special Investigation reported that between 2000 and 2007, 1422 people were killed and a further 1115 were injured by police in Jamaica making it one of the highest rates of police killings in the Americas. Victims of police cruelty commonly include criminal suspects and their relatives, as well as children and women. Harsh treatments have included beatings, and mock executions. Another incident reported by the Jamaica Observer newspaper in March of 2008 talked about a cop who allegedly shot a 10 year old child and is still on the run to this date. Constable Walter Spikes who was accused of killing the child as he chased a youth on foot, who was smoking a ganja spliff in a nearby market, left the island before a warrant was issued for his arrest. The ex-cop allegedly fired his weapon at the drug offender but the bullet hit young Renee instead. Renee died on the spot from a single bullet wound to the back of the head.
“On September 30, 2009 Police Commissioner, Rear Admiral Hardley Lewin, said that efforts are being made to change the face of policing in Jamaica, to one where there is greater respect and partnership between the police and citizens ” as reported by the Jamaica Information Service. However within less than 3 months on November 3, 2009 the Jamaica Gleaner newspaper reported that Rear Admiral Hardley Lewin had stepped down from his post has Police Commissioner. The question which is now asked by many is what about all those changes that were supposed to happen under his management, who will ensure that greater respect and partnership between police and citizens becomes a reality? With the JCF now without a police commissioner how can one expect for changes and progress and for things to run effectively and efficiently.
The condition within the JCF can be fixed with the establishment of an independent body of investigation, with the right kind of leadership and with the full cooperation of key police officers and other respected individuals. This independent body would be responsible for monitoring and overseeing police actions and misconduct and to ensure that the JCF is operating effectively. The Anti Corruption Unit of the JCF needs to implement more effective and efficient plans to combat corruption. The police federation must become more aggressive and begin to get rid of the corrupt cops from its ranks. There also needs to be an expansion of a counter –gang task force which will have as its main responsibility the identification and pursuit of gangsters. There also needs to be a more secure witness protection program so people can be less fearful to report crime which they witness. Many people fear reporting crimes because they know that they will not be protected and as such they would be victims of brutal deaths. There’s a great distrust of citizens towards police officers. I believe that the JCF should set up an agency to build bonds and trust between police and citizens. The Jamaica Constabulary Force also needs to retrain police in the rightful use of firearms and other weapons so as to prevent unlawful killings and deaths of innocent people. With these changes within the Jamaica Constabulary Force and implementations of new policies, gang activity, corruption and unlawful killings will reduce drastically.
There needs to be an immediate revamping, reorganizing and reshaping of the Jamaica Constabulary Force (JCF) .The Jamaica Constabulary Force (JCF), which is the main body responsible for policing in Jamaica, is not making any progress to stop the continuous rise of gang activity in Jamaica and unlawful killings by police officers. The Bureau of Special Investigation reported that between 2000 and 2007, 1422 people were killed and a further 1115 were injured by police in Jamaica making it one of the highest rates of police killings in the Americas. The most common problem which is associated with policing in Jamaica is corruption. This corruption results in the failure of the Government to protect people in inner city communities from gangs and police violence. Most of the crime and violence which occur in Jamaica is related to gang activity. Jamaica is a small Caribbean island of just over 2.5 million people and it’s known to have one of the worst murder rates in the world. The Board of the Jamaica Constabulary Force needs to go back to the drawing board and lay out new policies and programs so as to ensure for effective policing to wipe out criminal gangs, corruption within the police force and unlawful killings in Jamaica.
Most organized gangs in Jamaica are located in the inner city neighborhoods, which is generally abandoned by police forces and the society at large. People who live in these neighborhoods are usually poverty stricken, unemployed and lack the basic necessities of life. Gang leaders in these inner city neighborhoods tend to control the lives of people living there. They collect taxes, distribute jobs, food and punish those who disobey or break gang rules. Men and young boys are at the greatest risk of violence as they are the ones who are mostly targeted by gang members for recruitment in criminal gangs. These men and young boys also have to follow orders by carrying out special tasks which they cannot refuse to do as they fear what might be done to themselves and their families. There was a situation where one woman told Amnesty International that her neighbor’s 12-year-old son was sent by a gang to another community, carrying a gun. The boy was robbed on his way there and he knew that he was going to be killed if he came back without the gun and without the money, so he ran away .The mother was killed the following morning. Many women in these communities are also affected by gangs .They has to involuntarily engage in sexual activities with members of the gangs. If they don’t they risk themselves and members of their family dying. Most women in these inner city communities are also single parents as the father of their child was victim of gang violence. “Informer fi dead”, this is a phrase use in Jamaica which states that anyone who inform on another should die. Residents who witness gang killings in their communities are afraid to go to the cops because they know that there’s a great chance that they are going to be killed. This shows how greatly affected and feared people are of criminal gangs.
In 2006 the JCF recorded a 15% overall reduction in major crimes. However on the flip side this showed that in 2006 the rate of major crime committed was a whopping 85%. This showed that the actual occurring of major crimes was more than five times the reduction which proved to be not so much of an achievement by the JCF after all.
A poll published by the Jamaica Gleaner in January 2007 found that Jamaicans believed that every other police officer was corrupt. Many residents in inner city communities believed that police officers were directly apart of criminal activities on numerous occasions. There were numerous cases where people would relay information to the police and they were killed before the police reach the community. Many believed that corrupt officers told the gang leaders who the informers were .The actions of corrupt cops who leak information to criminals add to the resistance in communities to provide helpful information to the security forces. By revealing the identity of sources of information people’s lives are put at risk .The fear of retaliation is so great, particularly in hot-spot communities, that breaking the vicious cycle of crime and police involvement has become an extraordinary task. In the 2006 Road Map to a Safe and Secure Jamaica which is a report of the Special task Force on Crime in Jamaica reported that JCF personnel of different ranks expressed the view that majority of their senior officers were corrupt or tolerated corruption within the force. The report also provided number of corrupt practices which has become very common .These include selling gun licenses and ammunition , dropping charges for serious offences, warning criminal gangs of planned police actions and removing or tampering with evidence. It was reported by the Jamaican Gleaner newspaper that in the beginning of 2006, police personnel were involve in unlawful activities such as the infamous 'lottery scam', which has been blamed for an increase in recent murders across the parish, drug dealing, incidents of extortion and a most embarrassing incident in which a police vest, which was not reported missing, was found in the hands of criminals. The Jamaica Gleaner once wrote about a cop who confessed that he was corrupted for the first 18 years of his 20 years in the force."My introduction to corruption came about two weeks after graduating from the Police Academy," admits the police officer. "A woman constable and I were detailed for a 12 to six mobile patrol duty along with an acting corporal, who is now a superintendent of police," the 20-year veteran confesses to The Sunday Gleaner. He continued: "The acting corporal drove a nice car, was outspoken and very popular. He had about nine years service and boasted of many accomplishments. He made it clear that nothing was wrong with making money, but we simply had to know how to do it."
The stated values of the JCF is, “We serve, protect and reassure with courtesy, integrity and proper respect for the rights of all”, but this does not represent the dominant culture of the JCF nor how the public perceive police. The dominant culture of the JCF is that of command and control which has severely hindered its effectiveness. It promotes prejudice, thus serving to distance the police from communities which foster a culture of fear among the general public. This has also lead to the failure of the police to protect people in gang violence prone communities. People who live in these areas are usually discriminated against. There is a particular stigma that is associated with communities where gang violence is rampant. Police tend to treat everyone in the community as criminal and police abuse and violence tends to be very common.
Unlawful killings otherwise known as extrajudicial executions within the police force are very typical. In many cases the attempts to cover up the evidence, the “code of silence” among the security forces and the absence of efficient investigation are very common. In an article written by the Jamaica Gleaner newspaper it provided the Amnesty International Full Report which showed that Amnesty International has documented many cases of police brutality, some resulting into torture. Victims commonly include criminal suspects and their relatives, as well as children and women. Documented methods have included beatings, burns with hot irons, suffocation in water and mock executions. Another incident reported by the Jamaica Observer newspaper in March of 2008 talked about a cop who allegedly shot a 10 year old child and is still on the run to this date. Investigators said Constable Walter Spikes who was accused of killing the child, left the island before a warrant was issued for his arrest, based on a ruling by the Office of Director of Public Prosecutions in December 2003.Spikes is accused of killing the child as he chased a youth on foot, who was smoking a ganja spliff in a nearby market. The ex-cop allegedly fired his weapon at the drug offender but the bullet hit young Renee instead. Renee died on the spot from a single bullet wound to the back of the head. Her death sparked a massive demonstration in Jamaica.
The condition within the JCF can be fixed with the establishment of an independent body of investigation, with the right kind of leadership and with the full cooperation of key police officers and other respected individuals. This independent body would be responsible for monitoring and overseeing police actions and misconduct and to ensure that the JCF is operating effectively. The Anti Corruption Unit of the JCF needs to implement more effective and efficient plans to combat corruption. The police federation must become more aggressive and begin to get rid of the corrupt cops from its ranks. There also needs to be an expansion of a counter –gang task force which will have as its main responsibility the identification and pursuit of gangsters. There also needs to be a more secure witness protection program so people can be less fearful to report crime which they witness. Many people fear reporting crimes because they know that they will not be protected and as such they would be victims of brutal deaths. There’s a great distrust of citizens towards police officers. I believe that the JCF should set up an agency to build bonds and trust between police and citizens. The Jamaica Constabulary Force also needs to retrain police in the legitimate use of force and alternatives to the use of firearms so as to prevent unlawful killings and deaths of innocent people.
With these changes within the Jamaica Constabulary Force and implementations of new policies gang activity, corruption and unlawful killings will reduce drastically
“When will this crime and violence end!” this is the cry echoed by the many enraged, “fed-up” and outraged citizens of Jamaica. Jamaica is a small Caribbean island of just over 2.5 million people and it’s known to have one of the worst murder rates in the world. In 2004 and 2005 Jamaica was recorded as having the highest murder rate in the world as stated by Wikipedia. As reported by Amnesty Organization Jamaica had around 1500 homicides in 2007 alone. This ruthless, ongoing rampage of Crime and Violence has left the citizens of Jamaica searching for answers and the Jamaican system, which includes the Government as well as the education system, is not making any progress to drastically reduce the huge number of killings. There need to be an immediate revamping, reorganizing and reshaping of the System if this crime and violence is going to end. Youth unemployment, poverty, corruption and poor education are just a few of a long list of causes of this heart wrenching epidemic in Jamaica. Some of the harmful effects include economic instability, separation of communities into warring groups and loss of investment opportunities. Most of the crime and violence which occur in Jamaica is related to gang activity. Most of these gangs are made up of young boys who desire to have a sense of belonging and purpose in life. The educational system in Jamaica needs to understand that it’s not only about teaching math and English but it’s also about teaching and instilling in children that they are special and that they have self worth and purpose in life. The government of Jamaica needs to provide more jobs for young people. Many young men, as early as 17, turn to crime and violence because they are unemployed and they see it as a means of getting “quick cash”. The Government also needs to implement a long term effective public security plan so as to protect individual’s rights and to prevent corruption and discrimination within the force. The Jamaican Government also needs to call for international help to assist in reducing the crime and violence in Jamaica and it needs to be done now.
“When will this crime and violence end!” this is the cry echoed by the many enraged, “fed-up” and outraged citizens of Jamaica. Jamaica is a small Caribbean island of just over 2.5 million people and it has one of the worst murder rates in the world. In 2004 and 2005 Jamaica was recorded as having the highest murder rate in the world. In 2008 alone, 1600 people were killed as a result of crime and violence in Jamaica. This ruthless, ongoing rampage of Crime and Violence as left the citizens of Jamaica searching for answers and the Jamaican system itself is not making any progress to find its cure. There need to be an immediate revamping, reorganizing and reshaping of the System if this crime and violence is going to end. Youth unemployment, Poverty, Corruption and poor education are just a few of a long list of causes of this heart wrenching epidemic in Jamaica. Some of the harmful effects include economic instability, separation of communities into warring factions, loss of investment opportunity and loss of personal and business income. Most of the crime and violence which occur in Jamaica is gang related. Most of these gangs are made up of young boys who desire and seek to have a sense of belonging and purpose in life. The educational system in Jamaica needs to understand that it’s not only about teaching math and english but also about teaching and instilling in children that they are special and they have self worth and purpose in life. The education system must accept that they have a parenting role that it has to play. The government of Jamaica needs to provide more jobs for young people. Many young men turn to crime and violence because they are unemployed and they see it as a means of getting “quick cash”. The Government also needs to implement a long term effective public security plan so as to protect individual’s rights and to prevent corruption and discrimination within the force. The Government also needs to call for international help and they need to do it now.
Do you think writing long text to our peers can be seen as a means of improving the the way we write?
Do you agree with Lunsford that technology is reviving and pushing the way we read and write in bold new directions?
With the increase use of the Internet as a means of social avenue rather than for educational use and the decrease in the reading of books do you agree with the scholars that an age of illiteracy is at hand?
